How Do Internet Browsers Work?

internet browsers It is one of the applications we use many times every day. We type the name of a website in the address bar and the site we want appears in a few seconds. Seems to work so easily Internet browsers are actually quite complex Products with working principles and subsystems that create miracles in seconds.

Microsoft Edge, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Safari and Opera are the most used and 95% of internet traffic density bearing internet browsers. Although their user interfaces look quite different, all internet browsers work on similar principles. for you How do internet browsers work? We answered the question and explained what you need to know in the simplest way.

How do internet browsers work?

An internet browser accepts URL (link) information written in the address bar, calls the URL resource, It processes the contents of the source and displays it for the user. It wouldn't be wrong to call internet browsers a bridge between the source and the user.

Accordingly, we can evaluate the working principle of internet browsers in four basic categories: Accepting and calling the URL source, processing and directing the resource, displaying the resource for the user, storing content retrieved from the resource. Each of the four categories work with different subsystems.

Calling the source:

The content of the source to which the link, that is, the URL information, you type in the address bar of your internet browser inside a large network layer There are. When the user types the URL information and presses the search button, the internet browser calls the resource using HTTP / FTP protocols from the network layer. 

Data regarding the content in the source is created through a subsystem called the rendering infrastructure. byte size It starts coming to the internet browser. The internet browser caches some data on the source website so that the user can access it more easily later. 

Process the source:

Processing engine:

Internet browsers, which call the source data from the network layer with the URL information, receive information for the user. starts processing the data. There are three different subsystems used when processing the resource. These; processing engine, JavaScript engine and backend system.

The processing engine processes the source data received from the network layer and makes it visible. The processing engine is basically HTML, XML and image files It's working. Each internet browser may use a different rendering engine. Google Chrome and Opera blink, Mozilla Firefox gecko, Microsoft Edge EdgeHTML, If Safari WebKit uses the rendering engine.

The rendering engine translates the code in the source into a visible object called the DOM tree. DOM tree is its most basic state. With the help of other subsystems, this tree becomes a display of CSS properties, colors and background. 

JavaScript engine: 

The rendering engine creates the DOM tree by processing simple files such as HTML, XML and images, while the JavaScript engine Processes JavaScript code and start the imaging process. Of course, throughout this process, the backend system manages the database, makes server adjustments and ensures that the system operates in the most efficient way.

Every internet browser a different one Can use JavaScript engine. Google Chrome Chrome V8, Safari JavaScriptCore, Mozilla Firefox SpiderMonkey, If Microsoft Edge chakra It uses the JavaScript engine. 

The JavaScript engine organizes operations on the call stack while processing JavaScript data on the memory stack. The JavaScript engine fetches and organizes data in these two stacks, analyze data and processing times, It performs basic operations such as optimizing the process and collecting garbage data. Google's Chrome V8 JavaScript engine is one of the engines that collects garbage data most successfully.

View source:

The source viewing category is the point at which the user encounters the source. The data called from the network layer with the URL information was processed by the processing engines and it is time for the user to view the source. Internet browsers are at this point interfaces and browser engines they use.

Interfaces presented to the user by Internet browsers allow users to control source data. The address bar, forward and back buttons, save, open and close buttons and the main screen where source data are displayed are the user interfaces of internet browsers. about this Because there is no standard Every internet browser can use a specially designed interface.

The browser engine subsystem allows the data processed by the rendering engine and the JavaScript engine to be displayed by the user and the Internet browser to allowing user control is the subsystem. In other words, the browser engine is the system that allows the user to interact directly with the source.

Storing content:

Every internet browser uses a device to store some data about the source while viewing the content in the source. limited data storage capacity has. The data saved here is the data received to the internet browser's interface in case the connection with the network layer is lost, and the data cached so that the user can access the resource more easily next time. 

The data that internet browsers store include local files, session data, cookies, WebSQL data, IndexedDB files, AppCache data and service files. This stored data is available in the interface and communication interruption with the network layer Even in this case, it continues to be viewed by the user.

Local files and session data generally consist of keys to JavaScript objects. This data unless specially cleaned It continues to be stored in the internet browser's storage area. On average, storage limits are set at 5 MB per object and 50 MB per site.

Cookies are key data sent by the resource. They are exchanged between the client and the server. cookies, Some performance issues Even if they do, they are important for issues such as privacy and security. WebSQL data, IndexedDB files are essential for performance. Service files are a way for Google to use website data offline.

In summary, how do internet browsers work?

To summarize the working principle and complex subsystems of Internet browsers; Internet browsers reach the resource in the network layer with the URL information written in the address bar, the data in the resource is processed by the processing engine and JavaScript engine with the help of the backend system. becomes visible, The processed data is stored in the user interface of the internet browser and is viewed and controlled by the user thanks to the browser engine.

We answered the question of how internet browsers work for you and explained the details you need to know in the simplest way. Easily with one touch It is impossible not to be surprised by the working principles and complex subsystems of internet browsers that reveal the internet world to us.